The evolution of life forms and their interaction with each other and with the environment has made Earth a uniquely habitable place. Species and the ecosystems they are part of provide a large number of goods and services that sustain our lives. This biodiversity is essential to our planet, human wellbeing and to the livelihood and cultural integrity of people. Yet biodiversity is currently being lost at unprecedented rates due to human activities. Species extinction is a commonly used measure of biodiversity loss. As is documented in this publication, some 12% of bird species and about a quarter of mammal species are globally threatened. Species extinction rates currently exceed the background rates by two to four orders of magnitude. In effect, this amounts to the sixth great extinction of life on Earth.
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