Brazil is the world’s leading nation in both committing to and achieving greenhouse gas reductions. In Copenhagen, Brazil announced its offi cial goal of reducing GHG emissions 36 to 39% by 2020 as it reported a 64% reduction in Amazon deforestation its major source of emissions. Th ere is now an important opportunity for consolidating the policies, market trends, and deforestation reductions that have been achieved over the last few years. Over the past few decades, the conversion of forests to agriculture and ranching in the Amazon has been the most important national source of GHG. Around half of the gross emissions of GHG come from the incorporation of new areas into ranching, the large majority in the Amazon. Since the 1970's, the Amazon region has been quickly integrated into the national economy. Successive waves of migration have driven expansion of the agricultural and ranching frontier, and attracted migrants and capital from other regions. Th is economic integration, however, has followed a logic based on the extraction of raw materials and extensive ranching, resulting in natural resource depletion, social inequalities and poverty.
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